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91.
《Ultrasonics sonochemistry》2014,21(3):975-983
Performance and efficiency of numerous cavitation enhanced applications in a wide range of areas depend on the cavitation bubble size distribution. Therefore, cavitation bubble size estimation would be beneficial for biological and industrial applications that rely on cavitation. In this study, an acoustic method using a wide beam with low pressure is proposed to acquire the time intensity curve of the dissolution process for the cavitation bubble population and then determine the bubble size distribution. Dissolution of the cavitation bubbles in saline and in phase-shift nanodroplet emulsion diluted with undegassed or degassed saline was obtained to quantify the effects of pulse duration (PD) and acoustic power (AP) or peak negative pressure (PNP) of focused ultrasound on the size distribution of induced cavitation bubbles. It was found that an increase of PD will induce large bubbles while AP had only a little effect on the mean bubble size in saline. It was also recognized that longer PD and higher PNP increases the proportions of large and small bubbles, respectively, in suspensions of phase-shift nanodroplet emulsions. Moreover, degassing of the suspension tended to bring about smaller mean bubble size than the undegassed suspension. In addition, condensation of cavitation bubble produced in diluted suspension of phase-shift nanodroplet emulsion was involved in the calculation to discuss the effect of bubble condensation in the bubble size estimation in acoustic droplet vaporization. It was shown that calculation without considering the condensation might underestimate the mean bubble size and the calculation with considering the condensation might have more influence over the size distribution of small bubbles, but less effect on that of large bubbles. Without or with considering bubble condensation, the accessible minimum bubble radius was 0.4 or 1.7 μm and the step size was 0.3 μm. This acoustic technique provides an approach to estimate the size distribution of cavitation bubble population in opaque media and might be a promising tool for applications where it is desirable to tune the ultrasound parameters to control the size distribution of cavitation bubbles. 相似文献
92.
《Ultrasonics sonochemistry》2014,21(6):2010-2019
This paper concerns a preliminary study for a new copper recovery process from ionic solvent. The aim of this work is to study the reduction of copper in Deep Eutectic Solvent (choline chloride–ethylene glycol) and to compare the influence of temperature and the ultrasound effects on kinetic parameters. Solutions were prepared by dissolution of chloride copper salt CuCl2 (to obtain Copper in oxidation degree II) or CuCl (to obtain Copper in oxidation degree I) and by leaching metallic copper directly in DES. The spectrophotometry UV–visible analysis of the leached solution showed that the copper soluble form obtained is at oxidation degree I (Copper I). Both cyclic voltammetry and linear voltammetry were performed in the three solutions at three temperatures (25, 50 and 80 °C) and under ultrasonic conditions (F = 20 kHz, PT = 5.8 W) to calculate the mass transfer diffusion coefficient kD and the standard rate coefficient k°. These parameters are used to determine that copper reduction is carried out via a mixed kinetic-diffusion control process. Temperature and ultrasound have the same effect on mass transfer for reduction of CuII/CuI. On the other hand, temperature is more beneficial than ultrasound for mass transfer of CuI/Cu. Standard rate constant improvement due to temperature increase is of the same order as that obtained with ultrasound. But, by combining higher temperature and ultrasound (F = 20 kHz, PT = 5.6 W at 50 °C), reduction limiting current is increased by a factor of 10 compared to initial conditions (T = 25 °C, silent), because ultrasonic stirring is more efficient in lower viscosity fluid. These values can be considered as key-parameters in the design of copper recovery in global processes using ultrasound. 相似文献
93.
声波、血流环境及流动微泡群的稳定性都会影响焦区内瞬态空化强度(ICI)在超声作用时间内的分布,从而影响基于瞬态空化的治疗效率和生物安全性。本文在搭建仿体中流动微泡群瞬态空化发生和实时测量系统的基础上,设计了基于LabView FPGA的比例反馈控制器,在保持脉冲重复频率和脉冲长度不变的条件下,通过选择适当的比例系数,依据当前周期的声波激励下实时测量的ICI,实时调节下一周期声波信号的峰值负压,以调控ICI在时间上的分布。研究表明,在最优比例系数(1 × 107)下,和开环系统相比,ICI的稳定率提升~2.31 倍,ICI的时域下降速率减小~94.41%;在超声作用时间内总ICI也基本达到期望水平。这些结果表明该比例反馈控制器在调控脉冲超声激励下流动微泡群ICI时域分布的有效性,有望改进瞬态空化在相关疾病治疗中的效率和安全性。 相似文献
94.
Many studies have shown that microbubble cavitation is one mechanism for vascular injury under ultrasonic excitation. Previous work has attributed vascular damage to vessel expansions and invaginations due to the expansion and contraction of microbubbles. However, the mechanisms of vascular damage are not fully understood. In this paper, we investigate, theoretically and experimentally, the vessel injury due to stress induced by ultrasound-induced cavitation (UIC). A bubble-fluid-vessel coupling model is constructed to investigate the interactions of the coupling system. The dynamics process of vessel damage due to UIC is theoretically simulated with a finite element method, and a focused ultrasound (FU) setup is carried out and used to assess the vessel damage. The results show that shear stress contributes to vessel injury by cell detachment while normal stress mainly causes distention injury. Similar changes in cell detachment in a vessel over time can be observed with the experimental setup. The severity of vascular injury is correlated to acoustic parameters, bubble-wall distance, and microbubble sizes, and the duration of insonation.. 相似文献
95.
This study aimed to investigate the impact of multi-mode S-type ultrasound treatment on the protein extraction level of walnut dregs. The structural properties of the walnut protein (WP) were characterized, and the correlation between protein structure and extraction level was analyzed. The in situ real-time monitoring model for the ultrasound-assisted WP extraction process was established by a miniature fiber near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer. Results showed that the protein yield, purity, and comprehensive extraction index (CEI) of extracted WP were 71.07 %, 72.69 %, and 71.72, respectively, under optimal conditions (dual-frequency 20/28 kHz, ultrasonic treatment duration 30 min, and ultrasound power density 120 W/L). The secondary structure of extracted WP displayed that the proportion of α-helix and β-sheet reduced, while the contents of β-turn and random coil increased after ultrasonic treatment. Besides, sonication decreased the disulfide bond content and increased free sulfhydryl (-SH) and surface hydrophobicity compared to the control. The microstructures of WP confirmed that appropriate sonication could unfold the protein aggregates and reduce the particle size. The extraction level of WP is positively correlated with the -SH content (p < 0.01). The quantitative prediction model of Si-PLS for -SH content in the ultrasound-assisted WP extraction process was established and performed a good correction and prediction performance (Rc = 0.9736; RMSECV = 0.446 μmol/L; Rp = 0.9342; RMSEP = 0.807 μmol/L). This study exploited a high-efficiency way for the WP extraction industry, and provided theoretical support for the development of the intelligent system in industrial protein extraction process. 相似文献
96.
The effects of high-intensity ultrasound on the physicochemical and gelling properties of Litopenaeus vannamei (L. vannamei) myofibrillar protein (MP) were investigated. MP solutions were subjected to ultrasound treatment (power 100 W, 300 W, and 500 W). It was found that the carbonyl and free amino contents of MP increased significantly with increasing ultrasound power, accompanied by enhanced emulsification properties. The increase of free radical and carbonyl content indicated that ultrasound induced the oxidation of MP. With the increase of ultrasound power, it was found that the total sulfhydryl content of the shrimp MP decreased, but the surface hydrophobicity increased significantly, which might be closely related to the conformational changes of MP. Meanwhile, a significant increase of β-sheet but a decrease of α-helix in the secondary structure of MP was observed with increasing ultrasound power, indicating that ultrasound treatment induced the stretching and flexibility of MP molecules. SDS-PAGE showed that L. vannamei MP consisted of myosin heavy chain, actin, myosin light chain, paramyosin and tropomyosin. Ultrasound treatment could lead to some degree of oxidative aggregation of MP. The results of rheological properties indicated that ultrasound treatment enhanced the viscoelasticity of MP and further improved the gel strength of MP gel. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the functional modification of shrimp MP and the processing of its surimi products. 相似文献
97.
Hengcan Zhao 《中国物理 B》2022,31(11):117103-117103
CePdAl has been recently recognized as a frustrated antiferromagnetic heavy-fermion compound with a pressure- or field-tuned, extended quantum critical phase at zero temperature. Identifying characteristic signatures of the emerging quantum critical phase, which are expected to be distinct from those near a quantum critical point, remains challenging. In this work, by performing ultrasonic and thermoelectric measurements down to very low temperatures in a 3He-4He dilution refrigerator in the presence of magnetic field, we are able to obtain some crucial thermodynamic and thermal transport features of the quantum critical phase, including a frustration-related elastic softening detected by ultrasound and a Fermi-surface change probed by thermoelectric effect. 相似文献
98.
99.
100.
Ion hydration has been studied for potassium iodide solutions with concentrations from 0 to 51 wt.% at temperatures from 288.15 to 308.15 K based on ultrasonic measurements and molar adiabatic compressibility data. For hydration complexes, structural characteristics have been determined. The structure of noncoordinated water plays a significant role even in concentrated solutions. An electrostatic ion field has a strong effect on the temperature dependence of the molar volume of hydration water. A method for the precise determination of the total solvation boundary is presented. 相似文献